Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Frankenstein is also known as The Modern Prometheus, written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is a Gothic Horror Novel. The idea of Frankenstein came to Mary Shelley, in a half-waking nightmare in the summer of 1816. She had been staying with her husband and Lord Byron on the shore of Lake Geneva when at Byron's suggestion they were all challenged to make up a ghost story.
She felt that blank incapability of invention which is the greatest misery of authorship when dull Nothing replies to our anxious invocations.

About the Author

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet, and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley.

About the Novel

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20. Her name first appeared in the second edition, published in 1823.

Shelley traveled through Europe in 1815 along the river The Rhine in Germany stopping in Gernsheim, 17 kilometers (11 mi) away from Frankenstein Castle, where two centuries before, an alchemist engaged in experiments. She then journeyed to the region of Geneva, Switzerland, where much of the story takes place. The topic of galvanism and occult ideas were themes of conversation among her companions, particularly her lover and future husband Percy B. Shelley. Mary, Percy, and Lord Byron had a competition to see who could write the best horror story. After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, inspiring the novel.

We will discuss the analyses and the themes of this novel after going through a thorough study of the novel, which is the summary. So without further delay, let's start~

Summary

The premises start as Robert Walton was writing a few letters to his sister Margaret Saville in England and on these letters, he will commence to the main part of the story. Thus begins the letters.

Letter 1

Robert Walton was writing a letter to his sister Margaret Saville that he was bound on a journey to discover the north pole, which he considered a region of warmth, "eternal light'. The letter was written on 11th December. His purpose to discover the north pole has two sides - 1. to find a route to communicate with the other side of the globe by a northern passage, 2. determine the origin of the northern magnetism. He once aspires to be a poet but failed. He could live his life in comfort for his wealth but he didn't. His childhood dream is much needed to be fulfilled as he wanted to "accomplish some great purpose". He plans on hiring a ship and a crew and left Russia to the north pole. He, himself wasn't sure if he could return or not.

Letter 2

This letter was written on 28th March as he was on Archangel, on a ship. He describes all his co-workers, masters, mariners. He also said that perhaps, his refined upbringing made him sensitive to face the brutalities of the sea. He feels lonely without being able to share his feelings with anyone. He describes that his resolution to carry out his journey is "fixed as fate". He confesses his "romantic...love for the marvelous" and his passion for the dangers of the sea, which he attributes to his fondness for Coleridge's poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner".

Letter 3

It is a short letter written on July 7th, assuring his sister that he is safe hitherto and nothing dangerous happened to him. Though he is on a high latitude, it is summer and the floating ice was creating a challenge to them. His men were loyal and diligent to him; so no fear. It ends with a rhetorical question of Robert, "What can stop the determined heart and resolve will of man?

Letter 4

August 5h, 17_

He started with the saying that an accident had happened as he recorded it in this letter. On 31st July, last Monday. They saw a sled where an apparition seemed to denote. It didn't seem to be a human but then, the next morning, they found a stranger. Walton found him as his brother with compassion in his Nobel nature. He is the friend whom Walton seeks for so long _

August 13th, 17_

Before him, Walton reveals his dream to explore further and that threatens the stranger. Though Robert told that his journey is predestined, the stranger says that he knows they are the same. He describes the stranger as a holy spirit and wants to know from him.

August 19th, 17_

The stranger then wants to share his own story, his history, how he suffered for the very reason and motive that aspires Walton. The stranger told him to deduce an apt moral from his tale. And thus Walton attached the manuscript, told by the stranger to the letter to his sister. And chapter 1 Begins.

Chapter 1

The protagonist's father was a counselor and a respected man in the society of Geneva. He passed his young days with varieties of affairs but many circumstances prevented him from marrying early. But at the decline of his life, he became a husband and the father of the house. His childhood friend Beaufort, was a merchant who lost everything in the mischances of life. Beaufort retreated to the town of Lucerne. He had false pride which prevented him to enjoy life. His house is situated in a mean street near the Reuss. Both he and his daughter spent time in wretchedness but when Beaufort, died, her daughter left with nothingness, and then my father came in and married her (Caroline), after two years of protection. Their relation was more than worshipping as ultimate affection was there. From Italy, they visited Germany and France, and I, born in Naples. As their only child, my life was bestowed with their never-ending affections and it was my first recollection of them. Fathe and mother made many excursions beyond the frontiers of Italy, they passed a week on the shore of Lake Como. They visited many cottages as her childhood haunts her. On one occasion when my father was out to Milan, my mother and I visited an adobe and found a peasant and his wife. Among five children, on one, my mother's eyes fell on a girl, fairer than heaven-born. As Elizabeth Lavenza became the inmate of my parents' house - my more than a sister. She became Victor's adored companion. She was a passionate young lady, loved by everyone as the mother gave her to Victor as a pretty present, it was on him to love and cherish her. And since till death, she was to be mine only.

Chapter 2

As the story processed Victor describes the perfect childhood, he spent with Elizabeth on the plain of the surrounding of their Swiss home. Though Elizabeth's interests in poetry, Victor indulged in science and "physical secrets". Seven years younger, a second child born to his parents and that ends their wandering. Approve of all seclusion, Victor describes a friend named Henry Clerval, who is a well-read schoolmate, possesses a "soaring ambition" to leave his mark on human history. He is interested in the tales of chivalry. Victor says that his parents always indulge him with kindness with filial love towards him. Not many subjects interest Victor much than the secrets of heaven and earth that he desired to learn. He, by growing up aspires to his studies in natural philosophy. With Elizabeth as a shining lamp and friend Henry, Victor spent a perfect childhood on which he looked back even in the future. On a party to the baths near Thonon, he came upon a volume of the works of Cornelius Agrippa and asked the father to explain it. But his father's apathy to it creates more curiosity in him. He, coming back home read Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus and their wild fancies. Never-ending seek for knowledge persuaded him to achieve greatness as, it is impossible for wealth, he wanted to make a discovery to banish diseases from the human body and prevent their violent death. When he was 15 years old, the incidents of lightenings on a tree surprised him too much, and he thinks the laws of science are beyond human understandings and decided to focus studies on facts like mathematics. But yet he said that again he returned to that field as Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction.

Chapter 3

When Victor turned 17, his parents resolved that he should be a student at the University of Ingolstadt. But as this would be a misfortune to him in the future, bad omens arise, and for that Elizabeth fell into illness and though she was cured, Victor's mother falls into it. And perpetually, she died, her last wish was for Victor to marry Elizabeth. On the day of departure, Clerval and all others bid him goodbye. He reaches Ingolstadt. Where he met his professor, M.Krempe who told him that his previous studies were all in the lost cause; he should start anew. But the chemistry professor, M.Waldman enchanted Victor with his lecture and when he visited him personally, he told him how the past natural philosophers aspire to be great and for them, we can pursue great achievement. He told Victor that he is happy to have a disciple like Victor and told him to study all the fields of science, not only chemistry but also mathematics. Then he took Victor to his laboratory and procure Victor the use of his own machines and mechanisms. He gave him the list of books and Victor left. It decided on Victor's future Journey. He inspires Victor to dedicate himself to revealing "to the world the deepest mysteries of creation".

Chapter 4 (2 years past - no visit to Geneva)

"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow."

Victor accrued sublime knowledge in his studies and the results, not only surprised the fellow students but also acclaimed the praise of his professor. He became an expert in natural philosophy so much as in practice that no lesson from any professor of Ingolstadt helped him much and his residence was no longer conducive to him. At last, when he has to go to his native land, some incident protected his stay. He became acquainted with the knowledge of the human frame and anatomy. So much as he was engaged in creating a new life from death. He then, spent all his time in those experiments of reanimate, spurred on by the lure of fame and glory, imagining a "new species" that will bless him as his creators. His research was coming to an end. He caught up in diseases. Though with the completion they can go. His father didn't disturb his tranquility by asking the cause of his delay by letters.

Chapter 5

  "I perceived that the fallen leaves had disappeared and that the young buds were shooting forth from the trees that shaded by window."

After two years worth of effort, on a dreary night of November, Victor created the monster who had yellow eyes and yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was a lustrous black, and flowing: his teeth of pearly whiteness; it creates a contrast with his watery eyes and black lips. As soon as Victor had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished. That night, by throwing him on the bed, he fell asleep but had a frightening dream about his mother and cousin decomposing. By rising when he saw the monster, he ran out and took shelter in the courtyard. The next morning by fearing the chase of the monster, Victor walks on the street and met his old friend Henry, who with him came to the college. Though Victor went to check his room, he doesn't find any monster there then. But Clerval found out Victor's mad manners and assumed him ill. He treated him efficiently without notifying his family about Victor's sickness. And Henry's unremitting attention made Victor recovered again. Though Victor's pattering about his imagination created a drawback in the mind of Henry about some terrible events. When Victor wanted to repay his friend, Henry asked him to write his letter to his family and told him about a letter which came a few days ago from Victor's cousin.

Chapter 6

From Elizabeth's letter, Victor came to know how they are missing him. She herself wanted to visit Ingolstadt but Clerval's writing that Victor getting better; pleases her. From her, Victor learns about his brother who wants to enter into foreign services. Later he learns about Justine Mortiz and her acquaintance with Frankenstein's family and how she was close to Victor's mother. Elizabeth describes the circumstances of nears and dears of Victor's family to him and thus giving thanks to Henry, she discloses her letter by seeking a reply. Victor and Henry made a tour of his University and met M.Waldman and M.Krembre. Now the very name of natural philosophy creates a violent antipathy in Victor. He found relief in the works of Orientalists and their hope. His visit to his native land was delayed to spring as he doesn't want to leave Clerval but at last perambulations with Henry, helped Victor to regain his health.

Chapter 7

Alphonse Frankenstein sent Victor a letter on 12th May, saying that on 7th May, Thursday, his brother, William was Murdered and they are all waiting for Victor to come home. Victor with Henry, to order the horse, bound to Geneva. On the way, Victor left the chariot and say goodbye to Clerval. On his way home, fear overcame him by the countless evil dreads but as he enters the surroundings of the nativity, nostalgia strikes him. He describes the environs with solidity. One night on the way as a tempest strikes, Victor sees the daemon before him who vanishes into the night. His mere spectacle creates terror in him that it might kill William. It was about five, he returned home after a long Six Years interval. Victor sees his mother's painting as well as William's and starts weeping. Ernest came and consoles him that Murderer was found and it is alas that Justine Moritz did it. Victor was shocked by it because he wanted to say his tale of the daemon who might kill his brother, didn't as it was unbelievable. His father came and welcomed him and told Justine will be acquitted. Elizabeth became happy to see Victor but she was unhappy for the unjustness on Justine. For the assurance of Victor, she calmed down and found peace among the prejudices of others. 

Chapter 8

"Learn from me dear lady, to submit in patience to the will of heaven."

They spent a sorrowful time until 11 as the trail of Justine begins. The victim had a face of utter kindness and withholds sorrow as her character has. But the opposition of Judges presented many witnesses who gave a statement proving Justine further guilty. A lady saw her at the market the next morning after the murdered day. Then Elizabeth spoke as a benevolent one and how she knew Justine from a very early age and how kind she is. But still, it didn't persuade all. Victor left the court in agony. The next day when he went there, he learned that Justine confesses her own guilt. And everyone withheld it; she also wanted to see Elizabeth for the last time. Despite their father's disapproval, she went with Victor. But Justine said that she was forced to accept guilt and Elizabeth condemns for believing that she is the murderer. She asked Victor if he believed so. But he isn't and that made her happy for the last time. on the morrow, she died. Before William and Justine's grave, Victor stands; tears rolled down his cheeks and an inner voice spoke out that this is not the end of your sorrows. More Innocents will die for your unhallow creation.

Chapter 9

"But misery has come home, and men appear to me as monsters thirsting for each other's blood."

 After the chain of unjust events happened, Victor felt the deepest desperation. And day by day it affects his health. Victor's father noticed it and gave him the word of mutual augmenting, saying that he himself feels desperate by the impending sorrow of losing his own child. This advice didn't follow up in the mind of Victor as he holds deep malice against his fiend. But still, his nears and dears, especially the suffering Elizabeth, reminded him to restrain himself. Victor's abhorrence at this fiend remains within him. His whole house was in mourning and every day seemed gloomy. From Elizabeth's mouth, we came to know how the recent incidents have affected her character. She can say what deep-rooted evil is arising in Victor as revenge. She told him to shook it off. One day suddenly Victor took a tour towards the near Alpine valleys. The nostalgia of his boyhood strikes him, as he thinks to leave everything behind. But still, they are bothering him and he again found himself fettered to grief in all the misery of reflection. He arrived in the village of Chamounix. At bedtime, sleep came over his rescue.

Chapter 10

" If our impulses were confined to hunger, thirst, and desire; we might be mearly free."

He spent the following day roaming on the sides of the sources of the Arveiron. The natural beauty bestowed upon him, a sublime entity of forgiveness and mental peace. All the snowy mountains and the scenery bade Victor be at peace. But the next day it was all gone while traveling, the continuous chain of complicated thoughts came to his mind. How a man can be free if only he/she is strived by hunger, thirst, and desire? But as he was enjoying his melancholy with nature, the daemon came before him taking out, his only wish to be free with the joys of life. At first, Victor was angry as usual with the monster. But then the creature starts speaking and reasoning with him. He was at first benevolent but the hatred towards him, made out a creature of violence in him. He told Victor, to listen to his part of the story before judging his actions. If mankind knows of his existence, they will kill him, and isn't it on him to perform self-defense. Thus by reasoning, he persuaded Victor to follow him in his cave in the glacier to listen to his part of the story. But the thing that persuaded Victor to follow him, is what the duties of a creator towards his creation?

"If the multitude of mankind knew of my existence, they would do as you do, and arm themselves for my destruction. Shall I not then hate them who abhore me?"   

Chapter 11 

The monster starts telling his story, how he found himself in the forest near Ingolstadt after fleeing from Victor's cabin. Therefore his primary need for hunger, eat barries. Then he tried finding clothes to shook off the cold and found a cloak. Every day he saw the moon as its enchanting avatar. One day he found a fire, made out by someone in the forest and there he heard the sweet song of the nightingale. But hunger drives him and he left the place. As he approached near a village and visited many cottages, the inhabitants of those fled after seeing him. But the monster himself doesn't know why. Some shoot stones and woods at him and by escaping it, he took shelter into a hovel that was attached to a cottage. After some time, he discovered that there lived a young man, a woman, and an old man. From the hovel, the daemon follows the livelihood of those people; he listened to the instrument, played by the old man and it was sweeter than the nightingale. There he learns the weight of emotions from the affectionate nature of the old man towards the young ones. And his days follow up, observing these little inhabitants of despondence.

Chapter 12

"I had first become master of their language, which knowledge might enable me to make them overlook the deformity of my figure."

He spent every day observing them. He was so much delighted by the love and generous nature of the cottagers. But still, he didn't understand the pain and sorrow on their faces; despite being this much loverly. When he learned one of their sorrows came from poverty, he also noticed how they are considerate to themselves, sometimes the young ones remain hungry to provide the older ones food, and this show of kindness moved the monster. He then refrains from stealing from them. One day he helped them by collecting woods and thus made a little effect to divide their sorrow. From their conversations, he learned different words and the way of talking. By knowing their names, he was so much delighted (Father, Agatha, Felix). Cottagers and the monster became a part of each other's sorrow. Every now and then, he considered them as heavenly beings where by chance he saw himself and found that he is miserable indeed by his deformed looks. He anticipated one day to be able to be a part of them by pursuing them with knowledge. Doing great help towards them, he learned his identity from them which was true; "good spirit", "wonderful". Day by day he forgets the past and he is now looking forward to the brightest future of Joy.

Chapter 13

"Was, I, then, a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all man fled and whom all men disowned?"

Now some incidents happened that penetrated the feelings of the daemon. Felix always carries a sorrowful face but once a stranger arrived and the sorrowful lives of the cottagers turn into joyous ones. With their conversation, the daemon doesn't understand her relationship with them. She is called Arabian and she wanted to learn their language and in this way of teaching her, the monster also learns the way of communicating. Safie, the stranger also mingled with them and played the violin and moved the hearts of others. Felix instructed Safie with the help of the Book "Volney's Ruins of Empires". And this made up to be a reference to the monster to learn several things, the nature of life, and how he, himself was different from others. How he was neglected by the creator and indeed he is a wretched entity, unlike the others, without any friends and relatives. Maybe those feelings of indignation are terminated by the love of the cottagers temporarily, but it will tend to something in the future.

Chapter 14

After some time, the history of the cottagers was revealed. The monster came to know that the name of the old man was De Lacey. He was a descendant of a god family. They live a luxurious life with many friends. But tragedy strikes him as Safie's father came into their life. He was falsely accused of a case and was given a death sentence but Felix helped him to leave this country. But the country France didn't take it lightly and by discovering Felix's plan, they gave exile to his whole family and were totally deprived of their possession, they were given this cottage in Germany. While Felix was again Betrayed by Safie's father, he didn't want to wait for him and quitted Italy with his daughter whom he promised to give marriage to Felix. But the generous Safie protested it and expostulated with his father and her father left her with giving a large portion of his possession; fled to Constantinople. Safie, by taking an attendant, a native Leghorn, quitted Italy and went to Germany in search of her lover. Though her attendant died, she, at last, found their place by excessive struggle.

Chapter 15

"Hateful day when I received life!" - "Accursed Creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring after his own image; but my form is filthy type of yours. more horrid even from the very resembalnce. Satan had companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary and abhorred."

Begining it the month of August, the daemon found a leather portmanteau containing some books - Paradise Lost, a volume of Plutarch's Lives, and the Sorrows of Werter. These books helped him to create a manifesto of his own character at last. From Sorrows of Werter, he learned a combination of lofty sentiments towards vices. From Plutarch's Lives, monsters learned to love heroes of the past ages. From Paradise Lost, he was able to judge his present self by comparing him with Adam and Satan. But still, he found himself different from others as he found the letters about his own creation from the pocket of his cloak which he abhors. With an identity crisis, he holds anxiety as he is now going to introduce himself to the cottagers. Autumn passes, Summer forbade and Winter came and at last, he decided to come before the blind old man to avoid the prejudices along with his deformity. By appearing before the old man, he was already going to persuade him to have a place for him between them. But at that moment all the cottagers came and by seeing this deformed monster, Felix turned hostile toward it and beat him away. Though he could fight back, he runs from the cottage, and his long resident which is the hovel is lost forever.

Chapter 16

By cursing the creator, he enraged and destroyed many trees in the forest. But after thinking and reasoning with his own situation, he came to the point that it is his fault that he was hasty in his attempt. He once again went to the cottage to persuade its inhabitants. But here he found no one and in the words of Felix, he learned they will leave this place as it is not safe for them. That night, the daemon burnt that empty place down and went on a journey to find his creator, he learned about Victor's homeland from his research papers. On the way, with none to help, he faced many dangers and toiling. Once he tried to save a girl from being drowned but instead, his companion shot him. For this multitude of ill-treatments towards him, he, at last, took the path of revenge. When he arrived in Geneva and resting, he saw a boy, running. He decided to take him as his companion. But this child also turned disgusted towards him and revealed its identity as Frankenstein's son and hatred gasped the monster. He killed him and by the knowledge of Felix's teaching of the sanguinary law of man, he put the blame on a girl who was resting in straw.; by hiding a picture which he obtained from the boy. Thus the story prevailed. And he said that as he is alone miserable and wretched, he wants Victor to create the same existence as his for being his companion who will not judge him for his deformed state.

Chapter 17

"If I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear, and chiefly towards you my arch-enemy, because my creator, do I swear inextinguishable hatred."

After demanding this, the monster looked at Victor, hoping for a reply. But Victor rejected it. Still, the monster said that it is for benefit of both and it is a way of peace. And if he didn't agree, the monster will cause fear, instead of love. Then again he earned Victor's sympathy by continuous appealing. He just wants only one gratitude towards him and promised that he will go with his companion to the vast wilds of South America. Still, Victor thinks that the monster is malice and it seeks a companion to enhance his fearful deeds with the help of his partner. At last, the monster earns Victor's sympathy as his words and story, accommodate the generosity which the daemon beholds. Thus by the assurance of Victor, the monster left; saying that he ill reappear whenever Victor will do with his part of the request. On the way back by the forest, the havoc state of the surroundings bewildered him. As he arrives at the village of Chamounix, he took no rest. He has to do that same task that he abhors more than his own life and existence. He made it home, Geneva. All concerns of others were shown on the faces, of Victor.

Chapter 18

Day after day passed, but Victor wasn't able to start the first step towards his promise to the monster. But with the decay of time, Victor's health was regained his fancy and his father is now focused on the thought that Victor will lead his domestic life by marrying Elizabeth. But he didn't force him. Victor is still fearful of the thought of the monster and he decided to visit England as he can't commence here with his ways of hellish creation. With the consent of Elizabeth, his father decided that on the journey of Victor, his friend Henry will join him at Strasbourg. Victor only looked forward to the future to get rid of the past and marry Elizabeth, enfranchised from his miserable slavery. He thought that the monster will follow him and it would be safe for his family also. He bade farewell and went on the monotonous journey until Clerval joined it. Henry's always joyful nature enticed Victor as he enjoyed every aspect of the beauty of his traveling land. Departing from Strasbourg, they arrived in Mainz. But Victor didn't feel delighted by the nature of it. Still, on the other hand, the fruitful nature of Henry enjoyed every bit of unseen beauty and described it with the beneficence of the heart. And by those descriptions, Victor again was able to enjoy the journey. Victor laments as his mind was indifferent to the beauty, unlike Henry. In this dilemma, they arrived in England, by taking a sea tour from Rotterdam. In the latter days of December, they first see England with its famous sculptures that confirm its eminences.

Chapter 19

We are taking a rest in London. Though by unfettered thoughts, Victor wasn't able to enjoy the beauty, Henry was totally delighted in it. After some months, a letter came from a visitor to Geneva who lived in Scotland, requested them to visit and enjoy the natural beauty. They weren't going to follow the road to Edinburgh, but to visit Windsor, Oxford, Matlock, and the Cumberland Lake, they did so. 27th March, they quitted London, remained a few days in Windsor proceeded to Oxford. Oxford's beauty and the antiques charmed them both and in Henry's enjoyable state Victor finds his former self. Next, they visit Matlock, and it resembles the beauty of Switzerland on a lower scale. From Derby, the journey onwards, they passed two months in Cumberland and Westmorland. Then visited Edinburgh, it isn't like Oxford. Then while leaving it and passing through Coupar, Victor's impending thoughts of the request came to his mind and it terrorizes him. Then he left Henry and decided to spend time alone, to finish his task. He traversed the northern highlands and fixed on the remotest of the Orkneys. And there, by living in a vacant hut, he started his most anguished works. Works of creating a creature which he abhors now. He always feared the meeting with his persecutor.

Chapter 20

In his laboratory, sudden thoughts strike him, when he was creating that companion. If he again creates another one, it might not be so reasoning than the other and in the future, there will be a race following on the earth which could lead to the utter destruction of mankind. And thus he destroyed his creation again. From the roof the daemon followed his action and again appeared before him, to ask the reason for a certain change of mind. But as the daemon saw that Victor was determined this time to break their promise, he told him to wait for his wedding night for revenge. But Victor didn't pay heed to his threat and resolved him to die on that wedding night with a fight of course. In the morning some man came to the shore and gave Victor a letter which Clerval sent, intreating him to join him. Then Victor decided to leave the Island but before he also decides that, he will not leave any relics of his experiment behind. He left by boat, but for many a night sleep catch him and when he woke up, he found himself lost in the Sea. And then he thought of death as a certainty. But still, there was a little hope of life as he, at last, came to a shore beside the human residence. But the people there treated him with rudeness. And later someone came to take him to Mr. Kirwin who is a magistrate because someone there was murdered the previous day. And thus awaited some frightful events for him.

Chapter 21

Victor was introduced to the magistrate and many came as a witness, Daniel Nugent cam and gave a detailed description of the murdered victim and how he was found. Others confirmed that it is Victor who is the murderer. Kirwin told and desired that Victor should see the body. And when he saw it fatality strikes him as it was the lifeless body of his friend Henry. Fever catches to him and he was surprised why he was not dead, instead of the nears and dears of him. He was two months in prison and a rude nurse was given the task to take care of him. Mr. Kirwin came sometimes to check. And one day Kirwin came and told him about his family that they are safe and his father came to see him. Though his father came to reassure him, he still thinks of himself as the murderer of William, Justine, and Henry awaits the final judgment of the Jury. But when it happens, the grand jury rejected the bill as it is proved, Victor was on Orkney Island when the body is found. His father was glad about Victor's freedom, but he, himself didn't participate in it. His father created emotions in him by saying that he will soon meet Elizabeth and Ernest when he will be in Geneva. His father delayed the journey for the well-being of Victor. With his arrival in Geneva, he again remembers the night of Ingolstadt, creating the daemon. Now every night he took a drug, laudanum. Oppressed by the recollection of misfortunes, he had bad nightmares about the monster strangling him, but his father came and awake him. When he was awake he felt the security of susceptibility to the human mind.

Chapter 22

The Voyage came to an end. They stopped in Paris. Victor, again and again, tried to cheer him up but failed as he feels guilty and became calm. On their way to Switzerland from Paris, Victor received a letter from Elizabeth asking if he is marrying her for his parents' happiness. And if so Elizabeth wants Victor to be happy so it is on him to choose anyone he loves, not just Elizabeth. Monster's words still haunted Victor but with the certainty of it, he again sends a letter to Elizabeth that he would reveal the dreadful incidents on their wedding night. And thus the marriage will happen on the 10th day after their arrival. Father declared it before all. But the threat returns to him again, not the threat of losing life but losing Elizabeth. And yes, he didn't understand then, the true meanings and motives of the monster's words: it is decided that the first days of their happy life, they will spend it in the Villa Lavenza on the shore of Como, restored to Elizabeth by Austrian Government. After the ceremony performed, they proceeded to their destination, and on the way, Elizabeth and Victor conversed about their happiness. It was proclaimed by Victor that those were the last moments of happiness in his life.

Chapter 23

"Nothing is so painful to the human mind as great and sudden change."

At eight o'clock, they reached the shore where rain begins. By night thousand fears arise in Victor and he told Elizabeth to retire in her room. He will follow after checking the whole premises. But a scream came from, her room. He will follow after checking the whole premises. But a scream came from, her room and Victor find out the true meaning of the daemon's words as he found the lifeless body of Elizabeth in her cabin. He saw the monster grinning out of the window and chase after him. But all of the others thought it was his fancy as they didn't find anyone after the search. The only fear that strives in Victor, is the welfare of his father and Ernest. A sudden change of pace in life could be so painful. He again arrived at Geneva, finds his father and Ernest alive. But the news of Elizabeth's death; whom Alphonse considered being more than daughter himself, degrades his state. And soon with old age and sorrow, he died in Victor's arms. Victor curses the daemon again and again as his nears and dears ones are snatched from him, one by one, leaving him completely desolate. He only seeks revenge for this with rage. He went to a magistrate in Geneva to pursue him to give an exile to that creature, who destroyed his family. Though he told his full story, the credibility strikes the magistrate and he didn't believe it to be true. It left Victor helpless as he then retired to meditate on some other mode of action.

Chapter 24

Victor's present situation was the worst. He quits Geneva forever, and on a journey to pursue daemon, he came to the tombs of his relatives. That night he took a vow to take revenge on the daemon. But the daemon was also taking revenge on him as he was creating the train in which Victor will follow him and thus causing him suffering. They bound northward, leaving Russia behind. Past many deserts where he survived with the help of its inhabitants. But in this suffering, Victor finds happiness in the time of sleeping. As in dreams he was united with his dear one. He sometimes thinks he was in a dream and his dream is reality. On the way, the monster left writings that are taunting in tone to Victor as it said that his suffering just begins. He enters the Winterland and day by day he gets close to the monster. From the village, Victor came to know that the monster took their food and supply. And thus the chasing left him alive. But still, when he was a mile away from the monster, the ice cliff break and the sea divided their paths and all hope of his revenge is gone. then Victor saw a vessel and followed it and now he is with them. Where Walton is receiving him and hearing his story. Victor pledge to him to take his revenge on his behalf after his death.

Walton, in continuation of the fourth letter

August 26th, 17_,

In this letter, Walton gives the account of horror to his sister Margaret, of the story of Victor. The tale was not believable but the letter Felix and Sarie, and the appearance of the monster proved the story to be true. He also wants to learn how to create such a monster but Victor said he was mad to think to recreate that. The consolation he gets is the time of sleep when he is reunited with his relatives. But Victor describes the difference between his current state with the glorious one before. Walton wants him as a friend but Victor said no one can replace his past ties and he will not create news. But the dreamland was not Victor's destiny; it is to pursue and destroy the being whom he created.

September 2nd, 17_,

Walton was surrounded by perils as disasters happened and anytime his vessel can be demolished by the ice. And he shows his sorrow to his sister by saying her to be happy. And his companion was giving them the energy to carry on with his motivating eloquence.

September 5th, 17_,

As their situation is the same but an incident occurred and Walton gives the note to his sister that he writes without knowing these letters can or can't be received by his sister. The companions lost their courage of bounding north, they want to go south-wise. But Victor, rising from his bedridden state, gave them inspiration and thus they sought to strive forward.

September 7th, 17_,

They lost their hope and courage as they wanted to return from the perils of expeditions.

September 12th, 17_,

He was returning to England. But he will state the early events of 9th September when it was sure Victor will soon die. His last advice was to avoid ambition that leads to his misery. And he died with a gentle smile. That night the monster came and showed compassion after Victor, he said it is his last victim. As he himself didn't find joy with his murders. He laments completely over his existence and reasoned with Walton on which he stands affirm. He can't understand why it is only he, who was considered a wretch from the past. Indeed, he murdered all but it left him blank as with Victor's dead his very existence is meaningless now and he will die in the funeral pyre of Victor. Thus by taking a leave from the cabin of the ship, the monster completely dissolved into darkness, FOREVER~

Now as we have ended the summary, it is wise to turn into the analysis of this novel. I am not going to do a thorough analysis but still, I will sum up some lightning points with are the aspects of the story. So hold tight, here we go~

Analysis

• It was positively written on the image "domestic affections". So the major theme holds the family ties.
• From the appearance of Victor before Walton, it can clearly be said that Walton is the manifesto of readers' minds who seeks ambition but Victor is the experienced one, and the author told us to learn something from his experience of horror.
• The lighting scene has its significance, as Romantic writers viewed Nature as a sublime force beyond the power or understanding of man. Here Victor senses that too. But his final comment indicates that his ambition overcomes his sense, resulting in disaster.
• From the creation of the monster, Victor became an unsocialized person and the burden of his faults eats him from inside. Here the author shows that Mankind is bound to be a social creature. The further he drifts from it, the further he struggles.
• Victor and the monster which he creates, are the counterpart of each other as Victor's response to the monster's betrayal of him mirrors the monster's response to Victor's betrayal: both isolate themselves in nature and seek revenge.
• Victor is the sublime conception of God-complex, he once tried to create a race that will call him his creator. But fearful faults are there in his conception as he himself abandoned his own creation for its deformed it.
• The role reversal occurred as Victor himself became the slave of his own creation who now seeks revenge. So it is accurate that they are the counterpart of each other and Victor is now being punished by himself on a larger agenda.
• In the 15th chapter, all kinds of human fallibilities are at work: Safie's father is a falsely condemned criminal and promise-breaker, Felix is a conspirator, and marriage, a supposedly pure union of souls, needs to be brokered like an illicit business deal. It should also be noted that Shelley draws a clear divide between Christianity as "enlightened" and Islam as "childish"—a biased, Eurocentric vision of the world typical for her time and place.
• Adam's story has resemblances to the monsters' as he disobeys the laws of God by appearing before the family. But This God, Victor has flaws so, unlike Adam, Monster turns into a pure Devil as Victor abandoned him.
• The monster condemns to feel prejudice of the human world as he is only deformed and ugly. So we can't judge his pursuit of revenge instead of judging the treatments that he received.
• Monster by acquiring knowledge frows up in the hovel. It mirrors the growth of a child and how he learns from his surroundings. So the monster can be compared with a pure child. Indeed, it is our society that turns him into a devil.
• Some fatherly traits are shown by the author, in the monster's character when he tried to make William, the child his companion but it gets rejected.
• Victor isolated himself from society and "Wretch" is also the word the monster uses to describe itself, drawing a parallel between the two isolated beings. But Victor is isolated by choice, while the monster is forced into isolation.
• The Monster's revenge and Victor's ambition cause many lives like the life of Clerval and Elizabeth who has nothing to do with their deeds.
• After the continuation of the monster's revenge; finally, Victor tells his secret. But it's too late. Now he faces the same predicament as the monster: rejected by humankind, he must seek revenge on his own.
• Nature played a perfect role in describing the state of the characters. The barren arctic is a perfect symbol of isolation and the power of nature. A man in this tundra is utterly alone and entirely at the mercy of nature.
• Like Victor, Walton blames his failure not on his ambition or his fallibility, but on others. Like Victor, Walton's ambition destroys everything around him until he's left alone. Victor, quick to judge everything but himself, expects Walton to stick to his convictions, but his own conviction is a need for revenge. If he had truly acted in "good faith," he would have confronted his prejudice, or, failing that, told his secret earlier.
• It is true the last person whom the monster faces before dissolving is Walton who is still treating him with the same prejudices that the monster faces throughout his life.
• The last confirmation of the monster proved it all that he himself, didn't find any joy in the murders and he only did so to get the attention of the only being who can recognize his existence. But with the death of Victor, the monster has no reason to live on and he certainly accepts death. Victor is his whole world and to him, he seeks a companion.

So here is the ending of my long studies concerning Frankenstein and Thank you for considering it to be helpful. And I am sure of it that it will help you in some aspects of reading. With further study of the text, you will get a complete view of this topic.

And for a little gift, here is something that you can check~